Bahuda Yatra: The Return Journey of Lord Jagannath

Odisha, the land of deities and age-old traditions, is home to one of the most awe-inspiring spiritual spectacles in the world—Rath Yatra. While the grand chariot festival of Lord Jagannath is celebrated with immense devotion, a significant part of this tradition often receives less spotlight yet holds equal spiritual and cultural importance—the Bahuda Yatra, also known as the Return Car Festival.

The Bahuda Yatra marks the return journey of Lord Jagannath, Lord Balabhadra, and Devi Subhadra from the Gundicha Temple back to their sanctum sanctorum, the Jagannath Temple in Puri. More than just a physical procession, Bahuda Yatra is a deeply symbolic ritual, encompassing profound spiritual teachings, age-old customs, and a celebration of divine homecoming.

Understanding the Bahuda Yatra: A Divine Return

The term “Bahuda” in Odia translates to “return”, and “Yatra” means “journey”. The Bahuda Yatra takes place on the ninth day (Navami) of the bright fortnight (Shukla Paksha) of the Ashadha month, exactly a week after the grand procession of the Rath Yatra, when the deities are taken to the Gundicha Temple (considered their maternal aunt’s home).

The return journey signifies the deities’ longing to return to their permanent abode and bless their devotees once again from their sacred shrine. The divine siblings, who rest and offer darshan at Gundicha for seven days, are now prepared to return, symbolizing the cyclical rhythm of life—departure and return, separation and reunion.

Mythological Origin and Spiritual Symbolism

The Bahuda Yatra is not merely a ritual; it is deeply rooted in mythology and sacred lore.

According to Jagannath-centric legends and the Skanda Purana, the annual sojourn to the Gundicha Temple and the return journey are divine plays (Leelas) of the Lord. It is said that the Gundicha Ghar represents Vrindavan, the abode of Lord Krishna’s youthful days. The Jagannath Temple symbolizes Dwarka, where Krishna ruled as a king. The journey from the Jagannath Temple to Gundicha symbolizes the Lord’s nostalgic return to his childhood, while the Bahuda Yatra marks his return to responsibilities, duties, and his devotees.

Spiritually, the Bahuda Yatra signifies the return of the soul to its source, a journey back to the divine after exploring the world’s distractions. It also reinforces the importance of reunion, devotion, and the cyclical nature of dharma.

The Rituals of Bahuda Yatra: A Sacred Order

The Bahuda Yatra is conducted with the same reverence and grandeur as the initial Rath Yatra. Each deity—Lord Balabhadra, Devi Subhadra, and Lord Jagannath—is placed in their respective chariots: Taladhwaja (Balabhadra), Darpadalan (Subhadra), and Nandighosa (Jagannath).

1. The Chhera Pahara Ritual

Before the chariots begin their return journey, the Gajapati King of Puri, considered the first servant (Adya Sevaka) of Lord Jagannath, performs the sacred ritual of Chhera Pahara. In this ceremony, he sweeps the floor around the chariots with a golden broom and sprinkles fragrant water. This act of royal humility represents equality before the divine.

2. Journey to Mausi Maa Temple

On the way back, the chariots stop near the Mausi Maa Temple, dedicated to Goddess Ardhasini. Here, Lord Jagannath is offered his favorite dish—Poda Pitha, a traditional burnt rice cake, signifying the mother’s love and hospitality. This brief halt is a cherished part of the journey, underscoring familial bonds and devotion.

3. The Return to Srimandir (Jagannath Temple)

The chariots are then pulled towards the Singhadwara (Lion’s Gate) of the Jagannath Temple. Upon arrival, the deities do not enter immediately. Instead, they remain in their chariots for a day or two, giving darshan to the devotees. This period is marked by the Suna Besha, a golden attire ceremony where the deities are adorned with heavy gold ornaments, symbolizing divine prosperity and celestial royalty.

Historical Traces and Evolution of Bahuda Yatra

The practice of Rath Yatra, including Bahuda, has been referenced in ancient scriptures and historical records for centuries. The Skanda Purana, Brahma Purana, and Padma Purana extensively mention the celebration of Jagannath’s journey.

Historically, the earliest documented Rath Yatra dates back to the 12th century, during the reign of King Anantavarman Chodaganga Deva, who is also credited with the construction of the Jagannath Temple in Puri. Since then, the Bahuda Yatra has remained a crucial part of the annual rituals.

Over time, with the expansion of the Jagannath cult and the Bhakti movement, the Yatra gained widespread popularity beyond Odisha. The practice of celebrating Bahuda Yatra in various parts of India and abroad today reflects its spiritual relevance across diverse cultures and communities.

Cultural Impact and Societal Value

Bahuda Yatra is not just a religious event—it is a vibrant festival deeply woven into the cultural fabric of Odisha. It inspires unity, devotion, artistic expression, and collective celebration.

1. Artistic and Performative Culture

The Yatra brings together various traditional art forms like Pala, Daskathia, Gotipua dance, and Chhau, which are performed across Puri and other Jagannath temples during the festival. The construction and decoration of the grand wooden chariots is a monumental feat in itself, engaging skilled artisans, painters, and carpenters.

2. A Symbol of Social Harmony

One of the most profound aspects of Bahuda Yatra is its emphasis on inclusiveness. People of all castes, creeds, and backgrounds participate in pulling the chariots. The divine is brought to the people—outside the sanctum, amidst the masses—breaking down barriers of orthodoxy and social division.

Bahuda Yatra Beyond Puri: A Pan-Odisha Celebration

While Puri remains the central hub of Bahuda Yatra, it is also celebrated in various parts of Odisha, including Sambalpur, Baripada, Koraput, and even in Jagannath temples across India and the world. In places like Ahmedabad, Hyderabad, and London, Bahuda Yatra is celebrated with similar rituals, showcasing the global spiritual reach of Lord Jagannath.

Modern Relevance of Bahuda Yatra

In today’s fast-paced, technology-driven world, Bahuda Yatra continues to serve as a symbol of spiritual reflection and emotional grounding. It reminds us of the need to return—not just to physical homes, but to our roots, values, and higher consciousness.

It also plays a role in cultural preservation, economic stimulation through tourism, and reinforcing Odisha’s global identity as a center of living heritage.

Conclusion: The Eternal Homecoming

Bahuda Yatra is more than the homeward journey of Lord Jagannath. It is the journey of every soul seeking a return to truth, purity, and peace. It reflects the timeless cycle of human experience—departure, experience, realization, and return.

As the chariots roll through the streets of Puri and the sound of conch shells fills the air, the message is clear: No matter how far we drift in life, the divine always welcomes us home.

The Bahuda Yatra is thus not merely a tradition. It is a living testament to the eternal bond between the divine and the devotee—a bond of love, return, and reunion.