By exploreodisha.in 
The rich and spirited history of India’s freedom struggle is adorned with countless unsung heroes whose sacrifices laid the foundation of an independent nation. Among them stands tall the legendary Jayee Rajguru, a name etched in the golden chapters of Odisha’s resistance against British colonialism. Though primarily associated with Khurda, his influence and legacy deeply resonate in the hearts of people in Sambalpur and across Odisha. He was not just a revolutionary, but also a learned scholar, a fearless leader, and a selfless patriot whose ultimate sacrifice remains a symbol of unmatched courage.
Early Life and Rise as a Statesman
Born as Jayakrushna Rajguru Mohapatra in 1739 in Puri, Jayee Rajguru belonged to a distinguished Brahmin family that held high scholarly repute. He was trained in Vedic literature, astrology, warfare, and political science from a young age. His wisdom and fearless character made him a natural choice for leadership roles. He later became the royal priest and advisor to the King of Khurda, Gajapati Mukunda Dev II.
His role, however, was not limited to ceremonial duties. As the Rajguru (royal spiritual and military advisor), he soon became the de facto administrator of Khurda kingdom and later emerged as the first martyr of Odisha’s organized resistance against British imperialism.
A Strategist and Revolutionary Thinker
Jayee Rajguru was among the earliest Indians who recognized the oppressive intentions of the British East India Company. He foresaw the dangers of British expansion and how their policies aimed to uproot indigenous rule and cultural heritage. While the British cleverly tried to manipulate local kings and grab land through deceitful treaties, Rajguru firmly opposed their moves.
When the British refused to return the rightful jagir (land revenue rights) of the Khurda kingdom and showed disrespect towards King Mukunda Dev, Rajguru realized that a peaceful resolution was impossible. He began mobilizing forces, strengthening regional alliances, and strategizing for armed resistance.
The Uprising of 1804 – Odisha’s First Organized Revolt
Jayee Rajguru was the chief architect behind the Khurda Rebellion of 1804, often hailed as the first organized armed rebellion in Odisha against British rule. Though centered in Khurda, this movement had ripple effects across western Odisha, including Sambalpur, where the call for resistance began resonating strongly.
With the vision of a united Odisha, Rajguru tried to bring together neighboring kings and zamindars to form a confederation against the British. He even reached out to the Marathas and the Paikas (traditional warrior class) to support the cause. His idea was simple — India could not remain free unless its small kingdoms stood united against colonial exploitation.
Though he lacked modern weapons, his brilliance as a military strategist led to initial victories where British posts were attacked, and symbols of colonial power were destroyed.
Betrayal, Capture, and Execution
Despite his noble intentions and fierce dedication, the rebellion faced multiple challenges. Internal betrayal by some local elites, poor communication among regional forces, and the superior weaponry of the British eventually led to the suppression of the uprising.
Jayee Rajguru was captured in 1805 and brought before the British authorities. Despite immense torture and psychological pressure, he refused to betray his king or disown his stand against British rule. He proudly declared, “I am alone responsible for the rebellion. Punish me, not my king.” These words reflected not only his loyalty but also the spirit of true leadership and sacrifice.
On December 6, 1806, in a horrific act of cruelty, Jayee Rajguru was executed by the British in a barbaric manner — his body was tied to two separate branches of a banyan tree which were then released, tearing his body apart. It was meant to be a warning to others, but instead, it turned him into a martyr, immortalizing his name in the annals of Indian history.
Legacy in Sambalpur and Western Odisha
While Jayee Rajguru was from Puri, his ideas and heroism deeply inspired people across Odisha, including the Sambalpur region, which later produced other iconic revolutionaries like Veer Surendra Sai. His defiance against colonial tyranny planted the seeds of nationalism in the hearts of many, including the tribal and rural masses who looked up to such fearless leaders.
In Sambalpur, folk tales, songs, and cultural narratives have kept his memory alive. He is often remembered during patriotic occasions, and many educational institutions across Odisha honor his name. His story is told as a tale of loyalty, pride, sacrifice, and resistance against all odds.
Values Embodied by Jayee Rajguru
Jayee Rajguru’s life was a manifestation of values that continue to inspire generations:
- Patriotism: He gave up his comfortable life and chose the path of struggle for the love of his motherland.
- Selflessness: He did not hesitate to take full responsibility for the rebellion, saving his king from British wrath.
- Unity: He strongly believed in the unity of regional powers to defeat colonialism, an idea that later became the basis of India’s freedom struggle.
- Fearlessness: Even in the face of brutal death, he did not beg for mercy. Instead, he stood by his principles and died a warrior’s death.
Commemoration and National Recognition
In recent years, efforts have been made to bring Jayee Rajguru’s contribution into the mainstream narrative of Indian independence. The Odisha government and historians have highlighted his role through literature, memorials, and inclusion in educational syllabi.
December 6 is now observed in many parts of Odisha as a day of remembrance for this great patriot. Statues, museums, and public lectures continue to spread awareness about his sacrifices and inspire the youth to value freedom and justice.
Conclusion
Jayee Rajguru was not just a freedom fighter; he was a visionary who dreamt of an India free from foreign domination long before the 1857 uprising. His martyrdom speaks volumes of his dedication to his land, his king, and his people. His leadership during the Khurda rebellion laid the groundwork for future resistance movements in Odisha, including in regions like Sambalpur that became bastions of anti-British sentiment.
In honoring Jayee Rajguru, we are not only remembering a hero but also rekindling the spirit of courage, sacrifice, and unity — values that form the backbone of any free and proud nation.